What is Vitalik's blockchain trilemma?

Vitalik Buterin, the co-founder of the Ethereum crypto system, has proposed a concept known as the "Blockchain Trilemma".

It states the challenge of simultaneously achieving three core properties in a blockchain system: security, scalability, and decentralization.

The theory suggests that a blockchain system can typically only satisfy two of these three properties to a high degree, with the third often being a trade-off.

The Zucoin team believes that there is a hidden fouth factor of time, which depending on the quantity or structure, allows the other three factors to be satisfied.