Why can't mobile phones communicate directly? The role of nodes

Direct peer-to-peer communication between mobile phones faces practical challenges.

If someone's internet connection fails during direct communication, transactions can fail, experience significant delays or allow a duplicate transaction.

To ensure transaction resilience despite internet connection failures, network nodes play a crucial role.

Nodes cache data, allowing the prior cryptographically signed transaction proofs from peers to be available even when a participant's connection fails.

Preventing double-spending is essential in digital transactions to maintain integrity.